Body part by body part, Sumatran tigers are being sold into extinction
Laws protecting the critically endangered Sumatran Tiger have failed to prevent tiger body parts being openly sold in Indonesia, according to a TRAFFIC report launched today.
Tiger body parts, including canine teeth, claws, skin pieces, whiskers and bones, were on sale in 10 percent of the 326 retail outlets surveyed during 2006 in 28 cities and towns across Sumatra. Outlets included goldsmiths, souvenir and traditional Chinese medicine shops, and shops selling antique and precious stones.
The survey conservatively estimates that 23 tigers were killed to supply the products seen, based on the number of canine teeth on sale.
鈥淭his is down from an estimate of 52 killed per year in 1999鈥�2002,鈥� said Julia Ng, program officer with TRAFFIC Southeast Asia and lead author on The Tiger Trade Revisited in Sumatra, Indonesia. 鈥淪adly, the decline in availability appears to be due to the dwindling number of tigers left in the wild.鈥�
All of TRAFFIC鈥檚 surveys have indicated that Medan, the capital of North Sumatra province, and Pancur Batu, a smaller town situated about nine miles away, are the main hubs for the trade of tiger parts.
Despite TRAFFIC providing authorities with details of traders involved it is not clear whether any serious enforcement action has been taken, apart from awareness-raising activities.
鈥淏ecause of poor enforcement the Sumatran tiger is slipping through our fingers,鈥� said Leigh Henry, program officer for TRAFFIC North America. 鈥淭here are only about 400 Sumatran tigers left and such a small population can鈥檛 sustain this level of poaching. If enforcement and political will are not bolstered the Sumatran tiger will be wiped out just as the Javan and Bali tigers were.鈥�
The report recommends that resources and efforts should concentrate on effective enforcement to combat the trade by arresting dealers and suppliers. Trade hotspots should be continually monitored and all intelligence be passed to the enforcement authorities for action. Those found guilty of trading in tigers and other protected wildlife should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.
鈥淲e have to deal with the trade. Currently we are facing many other crucial problems which, unfortunately, are causing the decline of Sumatran tiger populations,鈥� explained Dr. Tonny Soehartono, director for biodiversity conservation, Ministry of Forestry of Republic of Indonesia. 鈥淲e have been struggling with the issues of land use changes, habitat fragmentation, human鈥搕iger conflicts and poverty in Sumatra. Land use changes and habitat fragmentation are driving the tiger closer to humans and thus creating human鈥搕iger conflicts.鈥�
As a recent show of commitment, the President of the Republic of Indonesia launched the Conservation Strategy and Action Plan of Sumatran Tiger 2007鈥�2017 during the 2007 Climate Change Convention in Bali.
Sumatra's few remaining tigers are also under threat from rampant deforestation by the pulp and paper and palm oil industries. The combined threats of habitat loss and illegal trade鈥攗nless tackled immediately鈥攚ill be the death knell for Indonesian tigers.
鈥淭he Sumatran tiger is already listed as Critically Endangered on IUCN鈥檚 Red List of Threatened Species, the highest category of threat before extinction in the wild,鈥� said Jane Smart, head of IUCN鈥檚 Species Program. 鈥淲e cannot afford to lose any more of these magnificent creatures.鈥�
As Indonesia currently chairs the ASEAN-Wildlife Enforcement Network, TRAFFIC National Coordinator Dr. Ani Mardiastuti suggested the country, 鈥淒emonstrate leadership to other ASEAN countries by taking action against illegal trade, including in tiger parts.鈥�
Source: World Wildlife Fund
