Multi-component nano-structures with tunable optical properties
(麻豆淫院Org.com) -- Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory report the first successful assembly of 3-D multi-component nanoscale structures with tunable optical properties that incorporate light-absorbing and -emitting particles. This work, using synthetic DNA as a programmable component to link the nanoparticles, demonstrates the versatility of DNA-based nanotechnology for the fabrication of functional classes of materials, particularly optical ones, with possible applications in solar-energy conversion devices, sensors, and nanoscale circuits. The research was published online September 29, 2010, in the journal Nano Letters.
鈥淔or the first time we have demonstrated a strategy for the assembly of 3-D, well-defined, optically active structures using DNA encoded components of different types,鈥� said lead author Oleg Gang of Brookhaven鈥檚 Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN). Like earlier work by Gang and his colleagues, this technique makes use of the high specificity of binding between complementary strands of DNA to link particles together in a precise way.
In the current study, the DNA linker molecules had three binding sites. The two ends of the strands were designed to bind to complementary strands on 鈥減lasmonic鈥� gold nanoparticles 鈥� particles in which a particular wavelength of light induces a collective oscillation of the conductive electrons, leading to strong absorption of light at that wavelength. The internal part of each DNA linker was coded to recognize a complementary strand chemically bound to a fluorescent dye molecule. This setup resulted in the self-assembly of 3-D body centered cubic crystalline structures with gold nanoparticles located at each corner of the cube and in the center, with dye molecules at defined positions in between.
The scientists also demonstrated that the assembled structures can be dynamically tuned by altering the salt concentration of the solution in which they are formed. Changes in salinity alter the length of the negatively charged DNA molecules, leading to reversible contraction and expansion of the whole lattice by about 30 percent in length.
鈥淚t has long been understood that the distance between metal nanoparticles and paired dye molecules can affect the optical properties of the latter,鈥� said Matthew Sfeir, coauthor and an optical scientist at the CFN. In this experiment, the expansion and contraction of the crystal lattice triggered by the changes in salt concentration allowed for a dramatic modulation of an optical response: a three-fold increase in the emission rate of the fluorescent molecules was observed.
-
The resulting 3-D structures could be tuned by adjusting the salt concentration. As salt concentration increased, the crystals contracted by about 30 percent, decreasing the distance (D) between the particles. This contraction in interparticle distance had a dramatic effect on the fluorescence of the dye molecules, making them cycle photons faster, as indicated by the color scale at the left of the crystal images (see image below), which ranges from nearly 2 nanoseconds per cycle for the free dye (A), to about 0.7 nanoseconds per cycle in larger lattices (C), to just above 0.3 nanoseconds per cycle for the contracted crystals (E). -
These results were determined using a combination of small angle x-ray scattering at Brookhaven鈥檚 National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) and time-resolved fluorescent methods at the CFN. 鈥淭his combination of synchrotron-based structural methods and time-resolved optical imaging techniques provided invaluable direct insight into the relationship between the structure and fluorescent properties of these light emitting arrays,鈥� Gang said.
鈥淥ur study tackles important questions about the self-assembly of systems from components of multiple types. Such systems potentially allow for the modulation of properties of individual components, and might lead to the emergence of new behavior due to collective effects. This assembly approach can be applied to explore such collective behavior of three-dimensional nano-optical arrays 鈥� for example, the influence of the plasmonic lattice on quantum dots.
鈥淎n understanding of these interactions would be relevant for developing novel optical materials for photovoltaic, photocatalysis, computing, and light-emitting applications. We now have an approach to make these structures and further study these effects.鈥�
Provided by Brookhaven National Laboratory
