Menominee County shakeup was an earthquake, says researcher
That shaking and loud noise experienced recently in Menominee County of Upper Michigan was indeed an earthquake, albeit a small one, according to a Michigan Tech researcher.
鈥淭he large crack and ridge were created most probably by a magnitude 1 or 2 earthquake,鈥� said Wayne Pennington, chair of geological and mining engineering and sciences, of the events that took place Monday, October 4.
The ridge and crack are 361 feet long, and the ridge is 4 to 5 feet high and 20 to 30 feet wide at its largest point, Pennington said after visiting the site. The crack is 2 feet wide and 4 to 5 feet deep at its largest point. Trees are tipped away from the crack at about 14 degrees on either side, showing that the surface is now tipping, having formed the ridge.
That ridge, according to Pennington, is the most informative feature, not the crack. Residents report that this ridge was not there earlier, and it appeared at the same time as the crack.
鈥淭he most-likely explanation is that the underlying limestone has faulted in a manner that has pushed rock on one side of the fault up and over the rock on the other side鈥攁 鈥榬everse鈥� or 鈥榯hrust鈥� fault,鈥� said Pennington. 鈥淭he limestone is hard and brittle, and this movement can be described as the small earthquake that was felt.
Overlying the limestone is about 20 feet of soft clay, he said. This clay will deform in a "mushy" manner, rather than breaking along a fault. It ends up being pushed together, and this is what formed the ridge.
鈥淚magine a carpet or towel on top of two boards that are being pushed together,鈥� Pennington said. 鈥淭he carpet will wrinkle, and at the top of the wrinkle, the carpet pile will be spread apart, like the trees. The crack is similar to the one that forms at the top of a loaf of bread as the dough rises.鈥�
Pennington said that small earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, as stress accumulates locally and is occasionally released suddenly.
鈥淭he area where the faulting occurred is not very likely to have another event soon, but the neighboring areas鈥攁t the ends of the ridge and crack鈥攎ay experience similar events in the future,鈥� he said.
鈥淲hen? Anytime in the next couple of centuries鈥攏ext week or 200 years from now; we have no way of telling.鈥�
Provided by Michigan Technological University
