The next Galileo launch campaign has begun with the arrival of the latest pair of navigation satellites at Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana.
Their arrival is the start of a busy schedule that will culminate with their launch on a Soyuz rocket on 17 December – the third Galileo launch of the year.
The satellites were unloaded from their Boeing 747 aircraft, still in their humming air-conditioned containers, straight onto waiting lorries for the last leg of their trip to the Spaceport.
The containers were delivered to the S1A payload facility, where they were unboxed in cleanroom conditions.
The two satellites began their journey the previous day when they left ESA's ESTEC technical centre in Noordwik, the Netherlands, having completed a long phase of environmental testing to prove their readiness for flight.
They were driven to Luxembourg Airport for a departure early the next morning.
The satellites' arrival at the launch site is the last step in a long chain of production and testing that stretches across Europe.
The satellites are built by OHB in Bremen, Germany, with their navigation payloads coming from Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd in Guildford, UK, both companies being supplied in turn by subcontractors across much of the continent.
Artist’s view of a Galileo Full Operational Capability (FOC) satellite, with platforms manufactured by OHB in Bremen, Germany, and navigation payloads coming from Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd in Guildford, UK. The first two FOC satellites were launched together aboard a Soyuz rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana on 22 August 2014, joining the four Galileo satellites already in orbit. A second pair was launched on 28 March 2015, and a third on 11 September 2015. Some 22 FOC satellites are being manufactured in total. Credit: ESA–J. Huart, 2014
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Artist’s view of a Galileo Full Operational Capability (FOC) satellite, with platforms manufactured by OHB in Bremen, Germany, and navigation payloads coming from Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd in Guildford, UK. The first two FOC satellites were launched together aboard a Soyuz rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana on 22 August 2014, joining the four Galileo satellites already in orbit. A second pair was launched on 28 March 2015, and a third on 11 September 2015. Some 22 FOC satellites are being manufactured in total. Credit: ESA–J. Huart, 2014
The satellites are then taken to ESTEC, where they are exposed in turn to every aspect of the launch and space environments, including noise, hard vacuum and wild extremes of temperature.
Each satellite is also plugged into the entire worldwide Galileo ground network for days on end to check it works as planned.
The launch of the 11th and 12th in the series will mean that the total number of Galileo satellites in space will have doubled within a year, setting the programme on track for the start of initial services during 2016.
Galileos 11 and 12 inside their protective containers within their transporter aircraft, during their 30 October 2015 flight from Luxembourg to French Guiana. Credit: Galileo–P. Muller
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Galileos 11 and 12 inside their protective containers within their transporter aircraft, during their 30 October 2015 flight from Luxembourg to French Guiana. Credit: Galileo–P. Muller