麻豆淫院

Human-induced global warming is happening faster than ever and accelerating, according to a new measurement index developed by an international team that includes the Director of Victoria University of Wellington's New Zealand Climate Change Research Institute, Professor Dave Frame.

The researchers' real-time Global Warming Index will be updated continuously on the website and provides improved scientific context for temperature stabilisation targets, with the potential to reduce climate policy volatility.

The index and its data have been announced in a paper for the Nature research journal Scientific Reports.

Warming exceeded 1掳C above mid-nineteenth-century levels in 2017 and is increasing at a rate that leaves little time to achieve the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, say the researchers.

"Global temperatures may be pushed up temporarily by El Ni帽o events or down by volcanic eruptions," says Dr Karsten Haustein from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, lead author of the paper. "We combine temperature observations with measurements of drivers of climate change to provide an up-to-date estimate of the contribution of human influence to global warming."

The level of human-induced warming reached 1.02掳C above the average for 1850鈥�79 in November 2017 (with a 5-95 percent uncertainty range of 0.89鈥�1.20掳C) based on the HadCRUT4 temperature dataset from the UK Met Office, or 1.08掳C when estimated using a version of HadCRUT4 that interpolates over poorly sampled regions such as the Arctic.

"This Global Warming Index has been increasing continuously since the nineteenth century, with no pause in recent decades," says Dr Haustein. "It has risen at a rate of 0.16掳C per decade over the past 20 years, and is expected to average 0.96掳C above 1850鈥�79 for the decade 2010鈥�2019. Worryingly, it appears to be accelerating, despite the recent slowdown in carbon dioxide emissions, because of trends in other climate pollutants, notably methane."

Professor Frame says: "A robust, continuously updated index of human-induced warming鈥� the only component of global temperatures we have any control over鈥攊s essential to monitor progress toward meeting temperature goals. We hope the Global Warming Index will provide this essential information to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC] process.

"Using our index, as well as , in conjunction with carbon budget estimates based on current emissions, the remaining time until we cross the anthropogenic warming target of 1.5掳C or 2掳C can be monitored continuously."