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College admission tests are becoming a thing of the past.

. That proportion of institutions with test-optional policies .

And for the fall of 2023, won't even consider standardized test scores when reviewing applications. That includes the entire University of California system.

Currently, require a standardized test such as the SAT or the ACT for admission.

Even before the pandemic, had either test-optional or so-called "test-blind" policies. But as the pandemic unfolded, followed suit.

At the time, many college officials noted that and other logistics associated with test-taking made them want to reduce student stress and risk. also factored into many decisions.

Other institutions are what some call "," allowing applicants to submit test scores from Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate exams in place of the SAT or ACT.

Tests under fire

For many years, advocates and scholars have fought against the use of standardized tests, in general, and for college admission.

One critique is simple: Standardized tests aren't that useful at measuring a student's potential. that a student's high school GPA is a better predictor of college success than standardized test scores such as the SAT or ACT.

But there are deeper issues too, involving race and equity.

The development and use of standardized tests in higher education came out of the eugenics movement. That movement claimed—and then used misleading and manufactured evidence to support the idea—that people of different races had different innate abilities.

"Standardized tests have become the ever devised to objectively degrade Black and Brown minds and legally exclude their bodies from prestigious schools," according to Ibram X. Kendi, director of the Center for Anti-Racist Research at Boston University.

Kendi is not alone in highlighting the historic links between standardized tests and discrimination. Joseph A. Soares, editor of "The Scandal of Standardized Tests: Why We Need to Drop the SAT and ACT," has documented ", aimed at excluding Jews from the Ivy League." He says that goal has now "been realized by biased test-question selection algorithms that systemically discriminate against Blacks." In his work, Soares draws attention to the practice of evaluating pilot questions and removing from the final test version questions on which Black students did better than white students.

My colleague Joshua Goodman has found that Black and Latino students who take the SAT or the ACT are less likely than white or Asian students to take it a second time. They perform less well, which of college students from low-income and racial minority backgrounds.

Those factors—as well as a based on test performance—were behind the May 2020 decision by the University of California's Board of Regents to in admissions decisions.

Economics of higher education

Colleges and universities tend to seek applicants with good grades and other achievements. They are often seeking a diverse pool from which to build their classes. Colleges that did not require standardized tests in applications for students arriving in fall 2021 "generally received more applicants, better academically qualified applicants, and ." That's according to Bob Schaeffer, executive director of FairTest, an advocacy group working to "end the misuses and flaws of testing practices" in higher education and in the K-12 sector.

In addition, birth rates are declining, and the number of 18-year-olds . Many institutions are seeking to .

As a result of these factors, I expect to see high school students begin to choose where to apply based at least in part on whether colleges require standardized tests, consider them or ignore them entirely. According to , most of the colleges in the U.S. that still require test scores are located in Southern states, with the highest count in the state of Florida.

The testing business

The test-taking business, including preparatory classes, tutoring and the costs of taking the tests themselves, is a .

As more institutions reduce their attention to tests, all those businesses feel pressure to reinvent themselves and make their services useful. The College Board, which produces the SAT and other tests, has recently tried to make its flagship test more "," as the organization put it. In January 2022 it released an online SAT that is supposed to be easier for test sites to administer and easier for students to take.

In recent conversations have had in research into higher education policies, admission directors at selective universities tell me that standardized test scores have become an optional component of a portfolio of activities, awards and other material, that applicants have at their disposal when completing their college applications.

Institutions that have gone test-blind have already decided that the SAT is no longer part of the equation. Others may join them.

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