麻豆淫院

Plastic waste can be used as a raw material for making high performance porous membranes. These could then be used in the chemical industry for the energy-efficient separation of complex chemical mixtures or to clean up waste streams, further adding to the environmental appeal of the process.

Polymeric membranes could be great partners for addressing many sustainability challenges, says Malinalli Ram铆rez Mart铆nez, a Ph.D. student who led the research in Suzana Nunes' group at KAUST. Thanks to their selectively permeable porous structure, they can reduce the environmental footprint of industrial separations, help in the treatment of waste effluent and create access to fresh water, she says.

"However, traditional membrane fabrication approaches mostly use pristine fossil-based nonrenewable materials, which has a negative environmental impact and contradicts the sustainability benefits," Ram铆rez Mart铆nez says.

"We wanted to take polymeric membrane sustainability one step further by replacing some of the conventional materials used for their fabrication with bio-based solvents and waste plastics, following the principles of circular economy and green chemistry."

Polyolefin plastics make up almost half of all discarded items in plastic waste streams. "Polyolefins are very popular due to their low cost and high thermal and chemical stability," Ram铆rez Mart铆nez says. "We find them in food packaging, reusable bags, shampoo bottles, toys and many more products."

These same properties make polyolefins attractive for producing hydrophobic microporous membranes for oil purification and other industrial purification processes. "However, the main challenges for processing polyolefins into porous membranes are the high temperatures required to dissolve them鈥攃ommonly between 140 and 250 degrees Celsius鈥攁nd the limited range of solvents that can be used, most of them fossil-fuel based."

Two bio-based solvents can significantly improve the sustainability of this process, the team has now shown. "We found that terpenes鈥攏aturally abundant renewable solvents derived from nonfood biomass鈥攃ould dissolve polyolefins at just 130 degrees Celsius," Ram铆rez Mart铆nez says. "Secondly, using these solvents we successfully made polypropylene membranes using plastic waste from food packaging, transforming single-use plastics into high-performance materials."

These membranes proved adept at separating the water-in-oil emulsions that can be generated by certain industrial processes. "The rejection values and oil purity we recorded were comparable to state-of-the-art membranes reported in the literature," Ram铆rez Mart铆nez says. "We consider it a great achievement to have proved that membranes prepared from plastic waste can have a competitive performance compared to those made from pristine materials."

The research is published in the journal Green Chemistry.

Nunes also notes the wider applicability of this work. "Polyolefins are soluble only in a few solvents such as decalin. Finding solvent alternatives, particularly bio-based solvents, is relevant not only for membrane fabrication," she adds.