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Freshwater alga could be next superfood leaving minimal environmental impact

A green alga that grows in lakes and rivers could be the next "superfood"—helping scientists to tackle global food security challenges while promoting environmental sustainability, a new study reveals.

Chlorella Vulgaris is a freshwater microalga rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Unlike conventional agriculture, which requires extensive land and water resources, it can be cultivated sustainably with minimal environmental footprint.

The microalga can be incorporated into food products to enhance their nutritional value. With its antioxidant properties, immune support, and detoxifying effects, Chlorella is a promising nutraceutical ingredient.

their findings in the Journal of Food Science, scientists at the University of Birmingham believe that, while Chlorella holds immense promise, challenges remain in optimizing large-scale production and improving consumer acceptance.

The researchers emphasize the need for advancements in cultivation techniques, processing methods, and sensory improvements to enhance its appeal.

Co-author Dr. Helen Onyeaka commented, "As consumer interest in health-conscious and eco-friendly products grows, Chlorella Vulgaris could be one of the superfoods that redefine the future of food innovation. Our study underscores the critical role of applied research in addressing global food security challenges while promoting environmental sustainability.

"We found that Chlorella not only meets growing demand for sustainable food sources but also offers substantial health and nutrition benefits. By overcoming production challenges through technological advancements, we can pave the way for Chlorella's widespread adoption."

Chlorella has been used as a food supplement, available in powder and tablet forms, and adding the substance to food products can enhance their taste, texture, and appearance. However, the researchers note that overcoming existing challenges and optimizing production methods will be crucial for the microalga's successful adoption and widespread use in the food industry.

The scientists recommend that future research should focus on improving strains, developing efficient cultivation systems, and addressing issues to fully realize Chlorella's potential as a sustainable and nutritious food source.

Their study recommends that industrializing Chlorella production involves the development of new culture systems to increase yield and reduce costs—these processes should involve different bioreactors, light and nutrient adjustments, and sterile confinements.

Techniques like mechanical milling, enzyme treatment, and ultrasonication can increase nutrient bioavailability, while pulsed electric fields may enhance digestibility economically. Sensory evaluations and consumer testing are necessary to mask unwanted tastes. Increasing awareness and developing sustainable production methods can expand Chlorella's use in the food industry, improving product quality, safety, and sustainability.

A nutrient-dense alternative to traditional food sources, Chlorella boasts high levels of protein (43–58% dry weight), lipids (5–58%), carbohydrates (12–55%), and essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B, calcium, and magnesium.

Beyond its nutritional value, C. vulgaris offers significant environmental advantages, helping to capture carbon dioxide and cleanse wastewater, aligning with global sustainability goals.

Health benefits include anti-tumor properties, potential for preventing Alzheimer's disease, and positive effects on major depressive disorder.