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Home gardens can provide vital habitat for Australian birds. But there's more to it than just planting certain types of shrubs and flowering trees.

After decades of encouragement to include native plants in home gardens, urban environments have come to and , including some of our most loved birds, such as fairy-wrens.

Birds that thrive on nectar such as honeyeaters, and bossy birds with bold personalities, such as noisy miners, some parrots and magpies, tend to dominate the scene. But it doesn't have to be this way.

We wanted to explore how urban gardens can best support a wider range of Australian birds. of research on this topic revealed seven key considerations. These fall into two themes: reducing threats and improving habitat.

We found there's no point doing just the good things (such as plantings) if we don't stop doing the bad things (such as killing insects, poisoning owls and letting cats hunt). It's like trying to fill a bucket with a hole in it.

So let's acknowledge the complexity of nature and take a broader approach to attracting birds to our gardens, by ticking off the items on this shopping list.

1. Secure pets

Domestic cats kill . So no matter how innocent your cat looks, it remains a highly evolved predator.

The only guaranteed way to protect birds and other wildlife from cats is to keep them contained inside or in purpose-built enclosures, 24 hours a day. You can find out about building your own cat enclosure from and experts online.

Dogs can also stop birds taking up residence in your garden. The mere . Keeping dogs contained at night can reduce the level of disturbance to nocturnal birds. But if you really want to attract birds to your garden, you may choose to keep your dog inside more.

2. Avoid using insecticides and outside lights

Many flying and ground-dwelling insects are . This is bad news for many birds, including fairy-wrens, willie wagtails, fantails and robins, who rely almost entirely on insects for food. But we can avoid using insecticides or any other form of lethal control such as bug zappers in our own gardens.

Ideally, accept insects as a natural part of your garden. Don't try to deter them, unless they pose a risk to public safety, such as swarming European honeybees or hordes of European wasps. You can also consider favoring native plants that naturally are resistant to unwanted insect attack.

Excess artificial light is also taking a toll on insects. Consider whether you really need to leave that outdoor light on all night. Review your existing outdoor lighting using the , ensuring all artificial light is useful, targeted, low-level, controlled and warm-colored.

3. Stop poisoning raptors

The use of rat poison, especially those labeled as "fast action," is killing native owls and other at an alarming rate due to . In other words, raptors are dying after eating rats and mice that have taken the bait.

Many countries have regulated the sale and use of these products for this reason, but Australia is lagging behind. So if you "give a hoot" about our owls, . There are also various other effective, humane and efficient options available, including removing unwanted fruit from the ground, keeping sheds tidy, and securing compost bins to keep rodents under control.

4. Prevent window strikes

Birds can fly into windows when they're unable to differentiate between the glass and the surrounding environment. Strikes may be lethal upon impact or result in injury. A stunned bird is also more vulnerable to predators.

In Australia, bird lovers can by using which are decorative stickers intended . Screens, hanging plants or mobiles can also be placed in front of windows to help the birds avoid collisions.

5. Create an inclusive garden

The diversity in Australian birds extends to their diets. Beyond honeyeaters, the nation is home to huge numbers of insectivores, carnivores, seed-eaters and fruit peckers.

Australian gardens typically have plenty of bottlebrush and grevilleas, which . So when buying new garden plants, try catering for a wider variety of bird species.

Choose dense shrubs with small white, yellow or blue flowers to attract insects. These bushy plants also make excellent habitat for small birds. Retaining trees ensures our larger birds have nesting sites too.

If you get the garden design right, with a variety of plants to suit all tastes, there is .

6. Encourage insects

and flies play a crucial role in ecosystems, both as pollinators and food for birds.

You can provide insects with nesting habitat in the form of insect "hotels," food (namely flowers and other insects) and safety from pesticides. These .

7. Water the birds too

With the effect and growing frequency of extreme heat waves, birds are in need of reliable sources of fresh water. Offer this in a water feature such as a bird bath or pond.

Whole neighborhoods for birds

Your garden has never been more important for birds. Doing your bit in your own backyard can make a visible difference—you will see the birds for yourself. But true conservation gains can only be made when people work together on a larger scale.

Why not start a conversation with your neighbor about attracting birds to your garden? Creating one garden for birds is great, but when we start talking about whole neighborhoods for birds, that's magic!

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