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Translating citizen input into urban action with integrated assessment framework

Modern cities are more connected than ever. Digital tools and platforms make it easier for residents to voice their opinions on how their neighborhoods are planned, built, and maintained.

Online participation tools are important in this ideation and feedback process. But what happens after you fill out a survey or check boxes off a digital form? Do your inputs actually sway policies and shape cityscapes?

In many cases, the reality is that public engagement ends the moment feedback is collected, creating a disconnect between citizen input and real-world implementation—a problem that has largely been overlooked in urban research.

A study, in the journal Cities, led by Assistant Professor Simon Perrault from the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) zooms into this missing link to uncover what happens after participation, or what he dubs the "post-participation phase." His team has developed an integrated assessment framework that helps policymakers, urban architects, and planners translates seas of digital participation data into actionable strategies. Their findings are published in the paper, "."

"Participation is often treated as a one-time event rather than an ongoing process," notes Asst Prof Perrault. "There's plenty of focus on gathering input but less on how it gets used. Our work addresses this by developing a structured and systematic way to evaluate and implement participation outcomes effectively."

The team's approach was a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Through interviews with architects, policymakers, and residents, the researchers shed light on key challenges in digital citizen participation, ranging from data overload to misalignment between public expectations and urban decision-making. They then applied a multi-criteria decision analysis model to sort out and weigh different factors, thus creating a practical framework that helps stakeholders assess participation results and make data-driven decisions.

One surprising discovery was the difference in priorities between residents, who take part in digital consultations, and the professionals who process their input.

"Participants generally value transparency because they want to know their voices matter," adds Asst Prof Perrault. "Meanwhile, designers and planners focus more on representativeness. They want all voices, not just the loudest ones, factored into decisions. The trick to making participation genuinely effective is balancing these expectations."

Beyond structuring the post-participation phase, the framework puts a spotlight on the importance of integrating multiple data sources and scales—a marriage of big-picture urban planning with localized community insights. This is especially relevant in a city-state like Singapore, where urban policies must balance machine-like efficiency with human-centered inclusivity.

"Singapore has a long-standing tradition of top-down urban planning, but digital citizen participation can play a bigger role in making policies more responsive to community needs," says Asst Prof Perrault. "Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and real-time data analysis tools enables us to create more adaptive planning processes that reflect the voices of residents from all walks of life."

This research also underscores the need for long-term tracking of participation outcomes. While many digital engagement initiatives gather valuable input, few have mechanisms to measure their impact over time. To address this, Asst Prof Perrault's team is working on AI-powered tools that can monitor how public feedback influences policy changes, helping city planners assess the effectiveness of various participation models.

With respect to future work, the researchers aim to expand the framework's application beyond urban planning. "We're exploring how digital participation can support other areas like climate action and social inclusion," says Asst Prof Perrault. "Our ultimate goal is to develop scalable platforms that bridge the gap between citizen engagement and real-world implementation."