麻豆淫院

April 7, 2025

High-intensity shock tube reveals high-speed interface flow mechanism

The latest developed special experimental equipment, a high-intensity, multifunctional integrated shock tube. (Image by Luo et al.). Credit: USTC
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The latest developed special experimental equipment, a high-intensity, multifunctional integrated shock tube. (Image by Luo et al.). Credit: USTC

Research teams have established a theoretical method for designing smooth curved wall surfaces with variable cross-section shock tubes, and developed an integrated, high-intensity multifunctional shock tube device. Led by Prof. Luo Xisheng and Prof. Si Ting from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the study was published in .

Based on the device and techniques, the research team further developed a discontinuous perturbation interface generation technology, pioneering the experimental and mechanistic study of strong shock wave impact on single-mode fluid interface instability in shock tubes. The results were published in the .

Shock wave-induced fluid interface instability is a common key scientific issue in aerospace vehicles and inertial confinement , while the related basic theories are still insufficient. Shock tubes are often employed to carry out basic aerodynamics research. However, the controllable generation of regularly-shaped, high-energy utilization converging and strong shock waves still remains a challenge.

To address this, researchers established a theoretical method for designing smooth curved wall surfaces based on shock wave dynamics theory and inverse design concepts. Consequently, the team proposed an orthogonal layout and multi-stage transformation shock wave enhancement scheme, and developed special experimental equipment for generating converging shock waves and strong shock waves.

Through experiments, the researchers verified that the device could generate a strong shock wave with the Mach number higher than 3.0 under a single-stage conversion, which was conducive to the initial disturbance interface setting and high-speed flow field diagnosis.

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Under multi-stage conversion, the research teams effectively overcame the airflow choking problem caused by single-dimensional area contraction, and controllably generated high-intensity converging, planar, and diverging shock waves in one step. This approach opens up a new path for experimental research on strong shock wave impact on fluid interfaces and its induced turbulent mixing.

Experimental shadowgraphs of the evolution of single-mode air鈥揝F6 interfaces accelerated by a strong shock wave. Numbers represent time in 饾渿s. Credit: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2025). DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2025.36
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Experimental shadowgraphs of the evolution of single-mode air鈥揝F6 interfaces accelerated by a strong shock wave. Numbers represent time in 饾渿s. Credit: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2025). DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2025.36

The research teams further developed a nearly ideal discontinuous interface generation method. The technology enabled an instant decomposition of the initial gases of different densities separated by a 2-渭m-thick polyester film. The decomposition occurred in the high-temperature environment formed by the strong shock wave without generating fragments that interfered with the flow field.

For the basic small-amplitude light-heavy single-mode interface configuration, researchers have also used novel methods. They first observed shock tube experiments of shock-induced fluid interface instability with a shock mach number higher than 3.0 and clearly captured the entire process of shock and interface evolution.

Subsequently, the research team quantitatively analyzed the evolution of interface disturbances under the main control parameters. Through this analysis, the researchers revealed the influence of strong compressibility effects on the evolution of interface morphology and disturbance amplitude.

Furthermore, the researchers clarified the mechanisms behind the effects of transverse wave effects and shock wave proximity effects on the nonlinear evolution of disturbances.

In addition, based on the experimental results, the research teams have established a prediction model for interface amplitude growth that is applicable to strong compressible flows.

The researchers will continue to study key issues such as fluid-solid coupling and competition at the , providing fundamental data and scientific support for major national projects.

More information: Shuaishuai Jiang et al, Realization of a shock-tube facility to study the Richtmyer鈥揗eshkov instability driven by a strong shock wave, Review of Scientific Instruments (2024).

Ting Si et al, Shock-tube experiments on strong-shock-driven single-mode Richtmyer鈥揗eshkov instability, Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2025).

Journal information: Review of Scientific Instruments , Journal of Fluid Mechanics

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A theoretical method for designing shock tubes with smooth curved walls and variable cross-sections has been developed, leading to a high-intensity multifunctional shock tube device. This device enables the study of strong shock wave impacts on fluid interface instability, crucial for aerospace and nuclear fusion applications. Experiments demonstrated the generation of strong shock waves with Mach numbers over 3.0, facilitating the study of interface disturbances and turbulent mixing. A new method for generating discontinuous interfaces was also developed, allowing for precise analysis of shock-induced fluid dynamics. A prediction model for interface amplitude growth in strong compressible flows was established, aiding future research in fluid-solid interactions.

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