Remarkable blue species of poison dart frog discovered in Brazilian Amazon

A team of wildlife researchers from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Brazil, working with a colleague from the National Museum of the Czech Republic, has discovered a new species of poison dart frog in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. In their study in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the group ventured deep into the rainforest to learn more about species that live in still-isolated parts of the jungle.
Despite extensive research efforts, many parts of the Amazon rainforest remain understudied due to their remoteness. In this new effort, the researchers first flew in a small plane to a site in Brazil. They then took a 10-hour boat ride in the Juruá River basin, followed by an extensive hike into the rainforest with local guides. That led them to an area dominated by palm trees. It was there that they observed a species of frog unknown to science. They captured several samples, including tadpoles, and brought them back to their lab for study.
DNA analysis revealed the frog as a new species of the Ranitomeya genus. The team promptly named it Ranitomeya aetherea, after its dominant trait—long, sky-blue lines along the length of its body. The frog also has copper-colored legs with brown spots and a head that is wider than it is long.
While still in the jungle, the researchers photographed and videotaped the frog in its natural habitat. They found it had a unique mating call consisting of 16 to 35 notes that lasts for eight to 16 milliseconds. The new frog, like most poison dart frogs, is tiny, just 15 mm long. It also represents the first new species to be added to the genus in 10 years.
The team noted that the frogs were generally most active during the early and late parts of the day, though they changed their routine during spells of rain. They also noted that the frogs tend to live among bananeira brava plants and often hide under fallen palm leaves. The frogs were also only observed in one small part of the jungle.
More information: Esteban Diego Koch et al, A remarkable new blue Ranitomeya species (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with copper metallic legs from open forests of Juruá River Basin, Amazonia, PLOS One (2025).
Journal information: PLoS ONE
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