麻豆淫院

In an age where billionaires and conspicuous consumption are increasingly on display, new Otago-led research shows a simple life really is a happier life.

The study led by the University of Otago鈥斉宼膩kou Whakaihu Waka Department of Marketing researchers has been in the Journal of Macromarketing.

After setting out to understand the relationship between consumption and well-being, the researchers found people are happier and more satisfied when adopting sustainable lifestyles and resisting the temptations of consumerism.

They analyzed data from a representative sample of more than 1,000 New Zealanders, made up of 51% men and 49% women, with a median age of 45 and a median annual household income of $50,000.

They found the commitment to simple living, or "voluntary simplicity" as it is formally known, leads to well-being through providing more opportunities for personal interaction and social connection than conventional contexts of exchange, such as community gardens, sharing resources, and peer-to-peer lending platforms.

Women are more likely to adopt a simple life than men, although more research is needed to understand why.

Co-author Associate Professor Leah Watkins says consumer culture promotes happiness as being typically associated with high levels of income and the capability it affords to acquire and accumulate material possessions.

"However, research is clear that attitudes to, and experiences of, materialistic approaches to life do not lead to increases in happiness or well-being. Nor do they lead to sustainable consumption necessary for planetary health."

Between 2000 and 2019, global domestic material consumption increased by 66%, tripling since the 1970s to reach 95.1 billion metric tons.

Growing consumer affluence and higher living standards have resulted in warnings of alarming trends of environmental degradation from human consumption.

This, coupled with global warming and post-pandemic health and financial anxieties, has led researchers and policymakers to call for a better understanding of the links between simple consumer lifestyles and well-being.

But co-author Professor Rob Aitken says this isn't a case of just throwing out all your worldly possessions.

"It's not directly the commitment to material simplicity that leads to well-being, but the psychological and emotional need for fulfillment that derives from relationships, social connection, community involvement and a sense of living a purposeful and meaningful life.

"In a world where billionaire weddings are treated like state occasions and private yachts are the new status symbols, voluntary simplicity offers a quiet, powerful counter-narrative鈥攐ne that values enough over excess, connection over consumption, and meaning over materialism."