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Redefining Geometric Skeletons

(�鶹��ԺOrg.com) -- Geometric skeletons are fundamental concepts in many areas of science and engineering.

An assistant professor of mechanical engineering has proposed a new way to define classes and families of geometric skeletons. The new approach is expected to have profound implications in many industrial applications.

Geometric skeletons play a role similar in geometry to that of skeletons in the human body, in that they capture the main features of the shape that defines them.

“If you see the skeleton of a mammal you can tell many things about the animal that it comes from,” says Ilies, “even though you may not know the actual details of the body surface.”

Skeletons are fundamental concepts in practically all geometrically intensive areas of science and engineering, such as automated finite element meshing, shape manipulation, recognition and comparison, dimensional reduction in design and analysis, robotic surgery, and a variety of path and motion planning in commercial and defense applications.

More recently, skeletons have been used to explore the fundamental geometric problems of folding and unfolding that are the abstraction of some of the most important open problems in science today, such as protein folding, packing, and sheet metal bending.

Ilies says that shape skeletons are mathematically well understood, but are difficult to compute.

“What this grant is about is really proposing a new way to define and compute not just single, but also classes of skeletons,” he says. “This new way of looking at the problem allows us to compute these skeletons in many more situations than was previously possible.”

Although they are widely used in engineering, computer graphics, and computer vision, the underlying algorithms used to compute shape skeletons are still restricted to fairly simple and static shapes. By contrast, many practical applications, such as motion planning of unmanned autonomous vehicles, materialize in environments that are either not completely known, or must evolve over time as new information becomes available. This requires the ability to handle evolving environments in which obstacles can appear or disappear, as well as merge or split with other obstacles or with the boundary of the environment itself.

Mathematically, this means that the typology of the environment is changing drastically, “hampering our ability to ‘reason’ in these environments,” says Ilies. “What our formulation allows us to do is to account for such evolutions in the environment, while maintaining the ability to compute the skeletons. Our approach remains valid for arbitrarily complex geometry, which is a big step forward.

“Right now we are concentrating on 2-D shapes and beginning the work on 3-D,” Ilies adds.

Success in computing skeletons of 3-D shapes will have significant implications for industrial applications.