Âé¶¹ÒùÔº


Monitoring solar activity

Monitoring solar activity
Solar loops after eruption. Credit: European Space Agency

Living near a star is risky business, and positioning a spacecraft near the sun is a very good way to observe rapidly changing solar activity and deliver early warning of possibly harmful space weather. ESA is now looking at doing just that. 

On most days, our normally calm sun goes about its business, delivering a steady and predictable amount of heat and light that keeps planet Earth and its humans ticking.

But just as the sun drives weather on Earth, is responsible for disturbances in our environment, dubbed ''.

Besides emitting a continuous stream of electrically charged atomic particles, the sun periodically sneezes out billions of tonnes of material threaded with magnetic fields in colossal-scale 'coronal mass ejections'.

These immense clouds of matter usually miss Earth, but if one reaches us it can disrupt Earth's protective magnetic bubble and upper atmosphere, affecting satellites in orbit, navigation, terrestrial power grids, and data and communication networks, among other effects.

Getting a view of the action

Obtaining warnings of such events would be immensely helpful: a recent ESA study estimated the potential impact in Europe from a single, extreme space weather event could be about €15 billion.

As just one example, even moderate space weather events can affect electrical that supply electricity to homes, hospitals and schools. Improved warning times for larger events would allow grid operators to take measures to protect their networks and ensure continued power delivery.

Monitoring solar activity. Credit: European Space Agency

"One of the best ways to observe rapidly changing solar activity is to position a dedicated spacecraft slightly away from our direct line to the sun, so that it can observe the 'side' of our star before it rotates into view," says Juha-Pekka Luntama, responsible for space weather at ESA's mission control centre, Darmstadt, Germany.

Virtual points in space

One of these, the fifth Lagrange point, lags 60º degrees behind Earth in its orbit – an ideal location for monitoring from the 'side' so as to give and better estimates of the speed and direction.

"L5 is an excellent spot for a future ESA space weather mission because it gives advance views of what's happening at the sun," says Juha-Pekka.

Monitoring solar activity
The Lagrange points associated with the sun-Earth system. Credit: European Space Agency

"The spacecraft would provide crucial data that will help us spot Earth-arriving ejections, improve our forecasts of the arrival time at Earth and provide advance knowledge of active regions on the sun as they rotate into view."

First-ever mission to L5

Today, ESA began studies to examine exactly this concept. Four European industrial and scientific consortiums including leading experts on space systems and instrument design will develop concepts for flying a mission to L5.

Based on the results, ESA will select a final design in about 18 months. 

This space mission would provide data for operational applications such as forecasts and nowcasts of solar activity.

Monitoring solar activity
Proba-2. Credit: European Space Agency

Provided by European Space Agency

Citation: Monitoring solar activity (2018, February 5) retrieved 15 June 2025 from /news/2018-02-solar.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Image: Space weather effects

34 shares

Feedback to editors