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The United States is on the verge of a right in the .

Federal, and local had put most of the pending cases on hold. But as the moratoriums expire and eviction hearings resume, millions of people are at risk of losing their homes.

That's because the court process is heavily skewed towards the needs of landlords and offers few protections for tenants—a problem that has been going on for decades, as my on the process of evictions shows.

The eviction crisis

Early in the pandemic, as states shut down their economies, , with poorer Americans .

Worried about a wave of evictions, the federal government and many cities and states in an effort to prevent a crisis. Some states went further and provided directly to renters, while in the form of and enhanced unemployment benefits.

Financial assistance to tenants is important because by the economic effects of the pandemic. Part of preventing an eviction crisis and maintaining affordable housing means helping tenants pay their rent in order to ensure that landlords can pay their mortgages and other costs.

All this aid has for people affected by COVID-19. But the federal benefits have now expired, and many have lapsed or will do so soon. As a result, as many as are believed to be at risk of losing their homes in the coming months.

This comes on top of the many other and effects of the pandemic that have hit low-income Americans—especially —the hardest.

Unfortunately, not even an alone can solve this problem. Eventually, tenants will have to pay back their landlords and, if they can't, will have to go to court to avoid losing their homes. In most cases, they'll lose.

A process that favors landlords

The reason why has , a far cry from the modern landlord-tenant relationship.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as states began to codify eviction laws and procedures, lawmakers wanted a way to encourage the judicial resolution of disputes about . Some lawmakers feared that landlords would literally run tenants off of properties at gunpoint or engage other forms of extralegal .

In order to require landlords to come to court instead of taking matters into their own hands, every state eventually created a , which allows a landlord to regain possession more quickly than the court process would otherwise permit.

Summary process, which means , sped up evictions by changing other aspects of the normal civil litigation process that . For example, many states such as and now allow eviction cases to move from complaint to trial in as few as six days, while some .

In a Supreme Court case in 1972 that upheld the constitutionality of the summary process, that having only six days between complaint and trial was not a due process violation for tenants because "tenants would appear to have as much access to the relevant facts as their landlord."

this characterization. Often the tenant is precluded from using common legal tactics available in civil court cases. In most states, a tenant can't seek documents from the landlord through discovery without the permission of the judge. Judges can also deny tenants the right to assert counterclaims, even if they are directly related to the tenancy—such as the landlord's failure to make repairs.

These concessions to judicial expedience limit the tenant's ability to mount an effective defense against the landlord's allegations, with the express purpose of making eviction easier for the landlord. And , while their landlords almost certainly will.

While there are a , such as New York and Illinois, where there are more legal protections for tenants, on the whole, the in favor of landlords.

Consequences of a crisis

Tenants who go through eviction court not only could lose their homes, but the final judgment also , making it more difficult for them to obtain safe and affordable housing in the future.

The current court process is not designed to account for these consequences, especially on the mass scale resulting from the pandemic. And , most states have not adjusted or modified the process to make it easier for tenants to maintain their homes.

Federal and state governments are debating extending moratoriums and as the pandemic in many parts of the U.S. While I agree that additional relief is vital, in my view the eviction court process itself needs urgent reform.

Without changes, Americans may experience a level of economic instability and homelessness not seen .

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