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How even a casual brush with the law can permanently mar a young man's life – especially if he's Black

highlighted how even a minor alleged infraction—in his case, over a fake $20 bill—can lead to a fatal interaction with law enforcement.

As a result, a coalition of advocacy organizations, criminal justice reform advocates and everyday citizens to take a to of local police departments.

But loss of life isn't the only potential consequence of a brush with the law. Even a single arrest, without conviction, can be devastating to the rest of a young man's life—especially if he's Black—particularly in terms of employment and earnings. And African American men are much more likely to get arrested than their white counterparts.

has been exploring what employers can do to help overcome the barriers associated with arrests and the stigma of incarceration.

Devastating consequences

has been arrested by the age of 23, but the stats get a lot worse if you are a Black man.

A young African American to get arrested than a white peer. By the time they are 23, Black men are at a and six times more likely to be incarcerated than white men. As of 2010, had a felony conviction on their records, compared with 8% of all U.S. adults.

While the data on the system's disproportionate impact on Black men are bad enough, it doesn't end there. Any interaction with the justice system, even for a misdemeanor or arrest without conviction, can have devastating consequences for the individual.

More than 60% of formerly incarcerated individuals , and those who do find jobs make 40% less in pay annually.

Research shows that a criminal record of any sort—including arrest without conviction – . The impact is substantially larger for Black job applicants.

And while Black men are affected most by these problems, it's a national problem that affects many young men and women across the United States. More than age 16-24 were neither working nor in school in June. While it's unclear how many of them are "disconnected" as a result of an arrest record—the pandemic – research is .

The effect on the U.S. economy as a whole is significant, with the underemployment of formerly incarcerated individuals of US$78 billion to $87 billion in gross domestic product in 2014.

Finding solutions

Local and state agencies designed to prevent hiring practices that discriminate against individuals with criminal records.

These efforts include "," which removes the question asking about a criminal record from job applications, and other policies aimed at preventing employers from explicitly asking about an applicant's criminal history.

However, that these policies are not a panacea and discriminatory and racist hiring practices as some employers switched to making certain assumptions based on racially distinctive names.

My team of researchers has been working with , a nonprofit that targets high youth unemployment in America, to identify more inclusive hiring practices for young adults who have interacted with the criminal justice system, including everything from a singular arrest to incarceration for felony offenses.

Our findings suggest that while there is strong support for the concept of fair chance hiring among employers, practices that would lead to more of these people being hired have not yet been widely adopted.

According to a soon-to-be-published survey of 39 employers so far, almost half reported trying to distinguish between an applicant's arrest and an actual conviction, while 44% offered applicants an opportunity to explain a conviction.

One problem we encountered was that despite strong interest in proposing changes, human resources employees didn't always feel they have enough authority to implement new initiatives regarding fair chance hiring. Additionally, when background checks are required, the burden often falls on the job applicant to take the initiative to review these checks for accuracy or to report employers who not are abiding by local hiring laws.

Hiring opportunities for young people who have an encounter with the justice system are further limited by compounding issues such as stigma, skill matching and a lack of education about what it means.

Employers play an important role in expanding inclusive hiring practices for individuals who have had involvement with the criminal justice system. But I believe a key first step toward more equitable hiring practices should be to expunge the criminal records of young adults who have been arrested but not convicted or have committed misdemeanor crimes. That will give more of them a clean slate to build their lives.