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The Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mark Rowley has that the London police force is to attend fewer mental health emergencies. As part of an approach called , police officers will only respond to 999 mental health calls when there is an "immediate threat to life." The new strategy will be implemented from September 1 2023.

This change has been in motion since Humberside Police created the model in 2020. It is now being adopted by . In Scotland, a similar reform——has already been introduced.

Mental health leaders have criticized the move. Adrian James, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said it is "". Others have accused the police of creating a vacuum, with mental health charity Mind's Sarah Hughes saying she fears "people will lose their lives."

But, as has shown, that vacuum already exists. Lives are already being lost because of a lack of mental health support in the UK.

For many years now there have been calls, from people both within the police and those experiencing mental health crises, for the police to have less of a role in mental health emergencies. Instead, the police have increasingly been left to of an overstretched health system.

Under , police officers can detain someone if they believe that person's mental health is causing an immediate risk to the person or others. This legislation can only be used in a public place, which is why detentions fell slightly during national COVID lockdowns.

Emergency response

Apart from that small drop in 2020, that the numbers of people subject to Section 136 detention has risen every year since 2017/18. And in 2021/22, Mind noted that the equivalent of the population of a was picked up by the police in this way.

Yearly numbers of Section 136 detentions in England and Wales from 2017/18 to 2021/22:

Scotland's reform was prompted by similar rising numbers. In 2019 to Police Scotland were reportedly not about crime but vulnerability.

Between 2013 and 2016, my colleagues and I in-depth interviews with 37 people who had been detained under Section 136, as well as with 79 police officers and 160 healthcare staff and volunteers. Working in collaboration with Sussex Police and Sussex Partnership NHS Trust, we were investigating alarmingly high rates of detentions across the county.

Mental health is recognized as a core part of policing. We found, however, that too often the police are the only agency expected to respond to such emergencies, particularly . As one 18-year old interviewee told us:

[My community mental-health team] are under resourced, and in my most recent meeting with them, I was told that if I'm in crisis, the only option is to call the police.

A traumatic experience

Section 136 is not an arrest where a crime is suspected. People I have interviewed nonetheless describe being detained as degrading and stigmatizing. Such accounts have significantly contributed to the introduction of Right Care, Right Person.

The 2017 Policing and Crime Act stopped police custody being used as a place of safety. Police cells were never the right place for someone experiencing a mental health crisis.

Despite this, the lack of provision of alternative places of safety has meant that, rather than handing the care of someone in distress over to a custody sergeant and returning to patrol duties, officers collectively spend close to waiting with patients in hospital settings. This is as humiliating for the people being escorted as it is for the officers involved.

The idea behind Right Care, Right Person is that people in crisis be cared for by mental health professionals. Since 2013, mental health nurses have joined police officers in , accompanying them on patrol to provide immediate mental health support to people.

Although triage is now widespread and , it is not enough on its own. Services must work together, otherwise people will keep falling through the gaps.

Being frequently detained by the police—without proper, long-term mental health support—.

Too often it falls to the police to keep people alive using forceful detention. Those who are being repeatedly detained feel trapped in a dismal cycle that could ultimately end in their death. One person I interviewed, Heather (all research participant names have been changed), put it plainly:

"The police are the only people who have to do something. They can't leave you. So, I have really mixed feelings on [Section] 136."

She, like others I spoke to, was not getting the support she needed. Mental health professionals had, in fact, told her that the trauma therapy she needed was not available. She said,

Everything that happens is merely a sticking plaster until the next 136. [Services] know it. I know it. [So] half of me wants some help, the other half wants to be dead."

Tragically, Heather has since died, as has a brilliant young woman, , who helped to guide my research and was a powerful advocate for working with the police to improve mental health support.

Research the situations that lead to repeated Section 136 detentions are often rooted in trauma. It is clear that any emergency response has to go hand in hand with long-term support to help address such trauma.

Early in 2023, the Department of Health and Social Care extra funding to, as home secretary Suella Braverman put it, "improve the mental health crisis care response." Time will tell if that is actually enough but long-term support is urgently needed. Too many lives are already being lost.