麻豆淫院

A pair of engineers and a historian have teamed up together to model the means by which the first use of the wheel may have happened. In their paper in Royal Society Open Science, Lee Alacoque, from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Kai James, with the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Richard Bulliet, from Columbia University, all in the U.S., describe the process that may have unfolded as workers at a copper mine in the Carpathian Mountains sought to move ore more easily from deep within a mine approximately 6,000 years ago.

Nobody knows who invented the wheel, or when it was first used. Most historians suspect it was invented in many places at different times around the world. What is known is that it was widely in use around the world as early as 3,000 BC.

In this new study, the researchers suggest the invention and use of the wheel may have originated in an Eastern European copper mine. Such a site, they note, makes sense because of the greatly improved efficiencies that would have resulted as heavy ore was extracted from a mine and carried down a mountainside.

A likely precursor might have been a roller, essentially a tree trunk with limbs removed. It is likely people discovered that things could be moved downhill more easily when they were tossed on rollers thousands of years before the wheel was invented, including ore products moved down mountainsides in Eastern European copper mines.

In their model, the researchers suggest the first innovation leading to the development of the wheel was likely adding grooves to rollers that prevented a box holding ore from sliding off one side or the other.

The second probably involved making the ends of the rollers larger in diameter than the central part, leading to the development of a fixed axle. Such a design would allow for using just one or two rollers and for steering, and higher clearance over obstacles.

The third innovation, they suggest, would almost certainly have involved adding parts to the ends of the axels to allow for attaching independently moving wheels. They suggest the development process may have evolved over a span of 500 years.

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