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Developing indicators for supporting sexual and gender minority students at universities

Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have developed an LGBTQ Student Support Index, a 47-item list of practices recommended for universities to support sexual and gender minority students. Within the context of a nationwide push for universities to take action in support of sexual and gender minority students, this index can serve as a practical tool to help institutions realize this goal.

The work has been in The Journal of NIAD-QE.

Sexual and gender minorities, collectively referred to as LGBT or LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, and others), constitute approximately 10% of the Japanese population. While Japan has faced criticism for lagging behind other developed countries in supporting and understanding sexual and gender minorities, in 2023, the LGBT Understanding Promotion Act was passed.

Although there remains a pressing need for universities and other higher education institutions to take necessary action, efforts to promote understanding are lacking, with only a few universities making notable progress. One reason for this is the lack of specific indicators to guide universities in their efforts.

In this study, researchers examined the reliability and validity of the LGBTQ Student Support Index, which was developed based on the results of a survey conducted with support staff and LGBTQ students at leading universities.

These indicators summarize the 47 items that we recommend universities address, ranging from inclusive policies to specific support services.

The LGBTQ Student Support Index features seven items related to the organization of the university, such as its overall policies and systems; 12 items concerning the environment of the university, such as facilities and equipment, awareness-raising efforts, and safer spaces; and 28 items related to students of the university, including identifying information and classroom support. The index was found to exhibit sufficient validity, retest reliability, and internal consistency.

The LGBTQ Student Support Index is more than just a tool; it serves as a potential turning point for universities. It is expected to be leveraged as a concrete tool for universities that are beginning to develop support systems for sexual and gender minority students. It will provide a clear roadmap for institutions, allowing them to navigate the complex landscape of LGBTQ+ support.

For universities already engaged in this work, it serves as a self-assessing tool, enabling them to assess their current efforts and identify areas for improvement. Moreover, a guidebook has also been published to support the practical implementation of the index, making it easier for institutions to drive positive change.