Computational musicology: Tracking the changing sound of bands

Lisa Lock
scientific editor

Robert Egan
associate editor

Coldplay, Radiohead or R.E.M.—which band has changed their music the most over the years? Professor Nick Collins from Durham University Department of Music has used a computer to try and find the answer to this by analyzing rhythm, harmony, and sound quality (known as timbre).
The answer is, of course, not that simple.
In the study, Radiohead were consistently more diverse than Coldplay harmonically, but not necessarily timbrally.
Overall, R.E.M. were generally the least adventurous in their musical style with Coldplay becoming increasingly part of the pop mainstream over time.
It is often believed that the older a musician gets, the more they start producing slower, more mellow material, but this is not what this study found. Variations in sound and rhythm continued to occur at different stages of the artists' music careers.
The research looked at the actual audio from songs—not just lyrics or sheet music—to find patterns in rhythm, tempo, percussion, keys and chords.
It also included music from Patsy Cline, Buddy Holly, and Kirsty MacColl for comparison.
This research is part of a growing field called computational musicology, where computers are used to study music in new ways. By analyzing sound files directly, researchers can get a better understanding of how artists grow and change.
In the future, even bigger studies could help us learn more about how music evolves—and what that says about the artists and the times they lived in.
The research is in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
More information: Nick Collins, Recording artist career comparison through audio content analysis, Royal Society Open Science (2025).
Journal information: Royal Society Open Science
Provided by Durham University