麻豆淫院

Macquarie University astronomers have tracked an extreme planet's orbital decay, confirming it is spiraling toward its star in a cosmic death dance that could end in three possible ways.

The ultra-hot Jupiter exoplanet TOI-2109b, located 870 light-years from Earth, completes an orbit around its star in just 16 hours鈥攎aking it the closest hot Jupiter ever discovered.

With a mass nearly five times that of Jupiter and almost twice Jupiter's size, TOI-2109b orbits even closer to its star than Mercury does to our sun.

"Just to put it into context鈥擬ercury's mass is almost 6,000 times smaller than Jupiter, but it still takes 88 days to orbit our sun. For a huge gas giant such as TOI-2109b to fully orbit in 16 hours鈥攊t tells us that this is a planet located super-close to its star," says Dr. Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes, a Macquarie Research Fellow who led the international study today in The Astrophysical Journal.

By analyzing transit timing data from multiple ground-based telescopes, NASA's TESS mission and the European Space Agency's CHEOPS satellite spanning 2010 to 2024, the team detected subtle changes in the planet's orbit.

Both theoretical models and observations independently calculated that the planet's orbital period would decrease by at least 10 seconds over the next three years鈥攃onfirming the planet may be spiraling toward its star.

The researchers identified three possible fates for TOI-2109b: it could be torn apart by tidal forces, plunge directly into its star, or have its gaseous envelope stripped away by intense radiation, leaving only a rocky core.

"This planet and its interesting situation could help us figure out some mysterious astronomical phenomena that so far we really don't have much evidence to explain," Dr. Alvarado-Montes says. "It could tell us the story of many other solar systems."

The findings suggest some rocky planets in other solar systems might be the stripped cores of former gas giants鈥攁 possibility that could reshape our understanding of planetary evolution.

With continued monitoring over the next three to five years, astronomers will detect the predicted orbital changes, providing real-time observation of a planetary system in its death throes.