麻豆淫院

Water still has unknown sides. When water is forced into two dimensions by enclosing it in appropriate materials, new properties, phase transitions, and structures emerge. MXenes as a class of materials offer a unique platform for exploring these types of phenomena. MXenes consist of transition metal carbides and nitrides with a layered structure whose surfaces can help them absorb water easily. The water forms an extremely thin film between the individual layers.

A team led by Dr. Tristan Petit, HZB, and Yury Gogotsi, Drexel University, has investigated a series of MXene samples containing enclosed water and different ions at BESSY II using various analytical methods. The work is in the journal Nature Communications.

X-ray structural analysis revealed the formation of amorphous ice clusters in the enclosed water, which increases the distance between the MXene layers. The previously metallic MXene film then becomes a semiconductor.

"When heated above 300 K, the clusters dissolve again, restoring the distance between the layers and their metallic behavior," says Petit.

This metal-semiconductor transition is therefore reversible, unless the water layer is removed. Further X-ray investigations using different techniques revealed unique characteristics in the water hydrogen bond networks.

"In the next step, we need computer-aided modeling to improve our understanding of the formation of amorphous ice and its impact on electronic transport," says Katherine Mazzio, who is co-first author of the study.

She concludes that MXene is ideal for investigating the phase changes of confined water, providing new insights into how water behaves at the nanoscale. The use of MXene as a material for energy storage and catalysis is already being discussed, and the role of confined water in the unique MXene properties for these applications is currently being investigated.