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Nanodomains hold the key to next-generation solar cells, researchers find

A new study, in Nature Nanotechnology and featured on the journal's front cover this month, has uncovered insights into the tiny structures that could take solar energy to the next level.

Researchers from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CEB) have found that dynamic nanodomains within lead halide perovskites—materials at the forefront of solar cell innovation—hold a key to boosting their efficiency and stability. The findings reveal the nature of these microscopic structures, and how they impact the way electrons are energized by light and transported through the material, offering insights into more efficient solar cells.

The study was led by Milos Dubajic and Professor Sam Stranks from the Optoelectronic Materials and Device Spectroscopy Group at CEB, in collaboration with an international network, with key contributions from Imperial College London, UNSW Sydney, Colorado State University, ANSTO Sydney, and synchrotron facilities in Australia, the UK, and Germany.

Their research shows that by understanding the behavior of these nanodomains, engineers could fine-tune the properties of perovskites to improve the performance and longevity of solar cells. Until now, the fluctuating nature of these nanodomains had not been fully understood, but this study suggests that mastering their behavior could enable perovskites to reach their full potential.

Milos said, "By understanding the dynamic nature of these nanodomains, we can potentially control their behavior to improve the performance of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. This could help push the boundaries of energy conversion efficiency."

Professor Sam Stranks, Principal Investigator of the group, added, "This research brings us closer to understanding the intricate nanoscale of these materials. By unlocking the secrets of dynamic nanodomains, we can help accelerate the development of perovskite-based solar technologies and make them a more viable solution for the global push towards renewable energy."

The study builds on the group's wider work in developing more efficient and sustainable energy solutions through material science. By advancing the understanding of materials like lead halide perovskites, the team aims to address global challenges in renewable energy sources like solar power.