Illustration of traditional dancers for the two songs studied in this paper. Credit: Boontigan Kuhasubpasin
The lyrics of traditional Okinawan songs were found to record past climate and geological history of the Ryukyu Islands (21st-century Okinawa Prefecture, Japan), according to a new study by a University of Hawai'i at M膩noa Earth scientist and fellow Ryukyuan music practitioners. Their study was published today in and was selected as an Editor's Choice article by the journal's publisher.
"This paper is a proof-of-concept for using classical Ryukyuan music as records of Indigenous knowledge," said Justin Higa, lead author of the study and postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Earth Sciences at the UH M膩noa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). "This work aims to show how science and culture are not two distinct entities, but can be combined to teach both Indigenous arts and Indigenous science."
The study authors are all classical Ryukyuan music practitioners with the Ryukyu Koten Afuso Ryu Ongaku Kenkyu Choichi Kai U.S., Hawai驶i Chapter, a music school with groups on O驶ahu, Maui, and Kaua驶i and in Los Angeles. The team included June Uyeunten Sensei and Kenton Odo Sensei, who are Master Instructors in the art form, and Higa who has been a member of the music school for over a decade.
They assessed a repertoire of indigenous Ryukyuan classical music that documented the 18th-century ocean voyages of envoys from the Ryukyu Kingdom and the winds, waves, and volcanoes they observed along the way. With Higa's geologic background and the musical expertise of Uyeunten Sensei and Odo Sensei, the authors worked together to combine Indigenous Ryukyuan knowledge in song with Western scientific knowledge in the scientific literature to find where the knowledge matched.
Study authors with their poster at the 2025 Okinawan Festival. Credit: Justin Higa, UH M膩noa/ SOEST
By comparing these observations with 20th- to 21st-century scientific literature, they found wind directions match seasonal changes following the East Asian Monsoon season and that rough ocean conditions in the past and currently may be related to Pacific Ocean circulation patterns and typhoons. They also found a record of an 18th-century volcanic eruption on an isolated island.
"Indigenous knowledge, tied to the land someone is most familiar with, is one avenue for applying place-based learning to make complex environmental science more accessible to general learners," shared Higa.
"Identifying sources of Indigenous knowledge, by the knowledge holders/practitioners themselves, is a unique opportunity to make new connections between art and science, improve how we connect science to the daily lives of Indigenous Peoples, and ensure the correct interpretation and usage of Indigenous knowledge."
Historical sites: (a) Shuri Kannondo, (b) Sogen-ji, (c) Miegusuku, and (d) Zampa on Okinawa Island, where 18th-century Ryukyuan voyagers prayed for safe ocean conditions and utilized monsoonal winds for their travels from Okinawa Island to Kyushu, Japan, as recorded in the pair of songs analyzed in the study. Credit: Higa, et al., 2025
With 2025 marking the 125th anniversary of Okinawan immigration to Hawai'i, incorporating geoscience and his Okinawan heritage in this publication is especially meaningful to Higa.
"I hope this work can help connect the descendants of Okinawan immigrants in Hawai'i, who generations later, may not speak the language, with the arts and knowledge recorded in these songs," said Higa. "More of these descendants may then be inspired to become scientists or Indigenous practitioners, or both."
In the future, the authors hope to catalog more classical and folk Ryukyuan songs to document additional historical records of environmental science, including water resources, ocean life, and flora and fauna.
More information: Justin T. Higa et al, Place-based science from Okinawa: 18th-century climate and geology recorded in Ryukyuan classical music, Geoscience Communication (2025).
Provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa